| 王舒,沈晓艳,杨卫国,等.三级医院骨科医护人员腰背痛影响因素的横断面研究.骨科,2025,16(5): 424-430. |
| 三级医院骨科医护人员腰背痛影响因素的横断面研究 |
| A cross-sectional study on the risk factors of low back pain among healthcare workers in the orthopedic department of tertiary hospitals |
| 投稿时间：2025-04-09 |
| DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1674-8573.2025.05.007 |
| 中文关键词: 腰背痛 骨科医护人员 工作时限 不良姿势 |
| 英文关键词: Low back pain Orthopedic healthcare workers Working hours Poor posture |
| 基金项目:职业危害识别与控制湖北省重点实验室开放基金（OHIC2020Z10） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 目的 探讨三级医院骨科医护人员腰背痛的发生情况及其影响因素。方法 采用横断面研究设计，基于日本骨科协会（JOA）评分标准，通过在线问卷调查湖北、河南、上海等18家三级医院的骨科医护人员，收集有关人口统计学资料、生活方式、工作特征、腰背痛症状及JOA评分等，先后通过单因素分析和多元线性回归分析筛选腰背痛JOA评分的影响因素，对医生和护士两个亚组进行分层分析。结果 共回收到375份问卷，有357名（95.20%）在过去10个月内出现过腰背痛症状。在这357名受访者中，腰背痛JOA评分在不同年龄段、性别、身体质量指数（BMI）、工作年限、每周工作时长、每日站立时间、是否搬运重物、是否保持不良姿势、每周锻炼频率、学历、每周科研时间、每日静坐时间、是否采取缓解措施这些维度上的差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。单因素和多因素分析结果显示，在医生群体中，工作年限、BMI、每周工作时长、每日站立时间等与腰背痛严重程度呈正相关，女医生、高学历以及科研时间≥5 h、每日静坐≥6 h者也表现出较高的疼痛风险，保护性因素主要包括规律锻炼（≥3次/周）和采取缓解措施；护士群体与医生群体的结果类似，但其特有的危险因素是“搬运病人或重物”，特有的保护因素为“有工作场所支持”。结论 骨科医护人员腰背痛患病率高，职业特征关联腰背痛风险。建议各医疗机构关注工时管理与工作姿势优化，推动工作场所的人体工学干预以降低腰背痛发生率及疼痛程度。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Objective To explore the occurrence of low back pain and related influence factors among orthopedic medical staff in tertiary hospitals. Methods A cross-sectional study was adopted. Based on the scoring criteria of the Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA), an online questionnaire survey was conducted among orthopedic medical staff from 18 tertiary hospitals in Hubei, Henan, Shanghai and other regions to collect data on demographic information, lifestyle, job characteristics, low back pain symptoms and JOA scores. The influencing factors of low back pain scores were screened through single-factor analysis and multiple linear regression analysis, and further analysis was conducted on two subgroups: doctors and nurses. Results A total of 375 questionaires were collected, of which 357 individuals (95.20%) had experienced low back pain symptoms in the past 10 months. Among these 357 respondents, the JOA score for lower back pain varied in different age groups, genders, body mass index (BMI), years of service, weekly working hours, daily standing time, need to carry heavy objects or patients, whether to maintain poor posture, weekly exercise frequency, education level, weekly research time, daily sitting time, and whether mitigation measures had been taken (P＜0.05). The results of univariate and multivariate analyses showed that among the doctor population, years of service, BMI, weekly working hours, daily standing time were positively correlated with the severity of lower back pain, and the female doctors, those with high education level, weekly research working hours ≥5 h, daily sitting time ≥6 h also showed a higher risk of pain, and protective factors mainly included regular exercise (≥3 times/week) and taking relief measures. The results of the nurse group were similar to the doctor group, but their unique risk factor was “carrying patients or heavy objects”, and their unique protective factor was “having workplace support”. Conclusion The prevalence of low back pain among orthopedic medical staff is high, and occupational characteristics are significantly associated with the risk of low back pain. We should pay attention to working hour management and the optimization of working postures, and promote ergonomic intervention in the workplace to reduce the incidence and intensity of low back pain. |
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